iGATE - Aptitude

iGATE - Aptitude

1.      The average age of a class of 30 students is 12. If the teacher is also included the average becomes 13 years. Find the teacher’s age.
Ans: 43 years

The total age of the 30 students -> 12 x 30 = 360

He average increases by 1, when the age of the teacher is included.

The total age of the students and the teacher -> 13 x 31 = 403

Hence the teacher’s age is 403 – 360 = 43 years.

2.       The average of 13 papers is 40. The average of the first 7 papers is 42 and of the last seven papers is 35. Find the marks obtained in the 7th paper?
(a) 23                     (b) 38                    (c) 19                     (d) None of these

Ans: (c)

The total of 13 papers -> 13 x 40 = 520.

The total of the first 7 papers -> 42 x 7 = 294

The total of the last 7 papers ->  35 x 7 = 245

Total of first 7 and last 7 papers -> 294 + 245 = 539 The 7^th paper which is the middle one among the total 13 is included in both the totals.

Hence the marks obtained in the 7^th paper -> 539 – 520 = 19

3.       The average age of the Indian cricket team playing the Nagpur test is 30. The average age of 5 of the players is 27 and that of another set of 5 players, totally different from the first five, is 29. If it is the captain who was not included in either of these two groups, then find the age of the captain.
(a) 75                     (b) 55                    (c) 50                     (d) Cannot be determined

Ans: (c)

As there are 11 players in the team the total age of the team is 30 x 11 = 330.

The total age of the 5 players is 27 x 5 = 135.

The total age of the different 5 players is 29 x 5 = 145.

Thus the total age of the 10 players is 135 + 145 = 280.

Hence the age of the Captain is 330 – 280 = 50

4.       A bus goes to Ranchi from Patna at the rate of 60 km per hour. Another bus leaves Ranchi for Patna at the same times as the first bus at the rate of 70 km per hour. Find the average speed for the journeys of the two buses combined if it is known that the distance from Ranchi to Patna is 420 kilometers.
(a) 64.615 kmph                (b) 64.5 kmph    (c) 63.823 kmph                (d) 64.82 kmph

Ans: (a)

The distance between Patna and Ranchi is 420 km.

The first bus moving at a speed of 60 kmph would take 7 hours to cover the distance.

The second bus moving at a speed of 70 kmph will take 6 hours to cover the distance.

Thus the average time taken by the two buses together to cover the distance of 420 km is

(6 + 7) / 2 = 6.5 hrs.

Hence the average speed when both the buses are combined is 420/6.5 = 64.615 kmph.

5.       A train travels 8 km in the first quarter of an hour, 6 km in the second quarter and 40 km in the third quarter. Find the average speed of the train per hour over the entire journey.
(a) 72 km/h         (b) 18 km/h        (c) 77.33 km/h   (d) 78.5 km/h
Ans: (b)

The total distance travelled by the train in ¾ hour is 8 + 6 +40 = 54 km

Since the train covers a distance of 54 km in ¾ hour, in one hour it would cover 54 x 4/3 = 72 km.

As the distance covered by the train in each segment is given as quarter of an hour, the average speed of the train for the entire journey is 72/4(quarters) = 18 kmph.

6.       The average weight of 6 men is 68.5 kg. If it is known that Ram and Shyam weigh 60 kg each, find the average weight of the others.
(a) 72.75 kg         (b) 75 kg               (c) 78 kg               (d) None of these

Ans: (a)

The total weight of the 6 men is 68.5 x 6 = 411 kg.

The total weight of Ram & Shyam = 60 + 60 = 120 kg.

Excluding this from the total weight -> 411 – 120 = 291 kg the total weight of the remaining 4 men.

Hence the average weight of the remaining 4 men is 291 / 4 = 72.75 kg.

7.       The average score of a class of 40 students is 52. What will be the average score of the rest of the students if the average score of 10 of the students is 61?
(a) 50                     (b) 47                    (c) 48                     (d) 49

Ans: (d)

The total of the 40 students -> 52 x 40 = 2080

The total of 10 students ->  61 x 10 = 610

The total of the remaining 30 students -> 2080 – 610 = 1470

Thus the average of the 30 students -> 1470/30 = 49

8.       The average age of 80 students of IIM, Bangalore of the 1995 batch is 22 years. What will be the new average if we include the 20 faculty members whose average age is 37 years?
(a) 32 years         (b) 24 years        (c) 25 years         (d) None of these

Ans: (c)

The total age of 80 students -> 22 x 80 = 1760

The total age of 20 faculties ->  37 x 20 =  740

Thus the total age of the students and the faculties is 1760 + 740 = 2500 (Total numbers 100)

Hence the new average age of the students and the faculties is -> 2500/100 = 25

9.       Out of the three numbers, the first is twice the second and three times the third. The average of the three numbers is 88. The smallest number is?
(a) 72                     (b) 36                    (c) 42                     (d) 48

Ans: (d)

Since the average is 88 the total of the three Numbers is 88 x 3 = 264

Let ‘x’ be the first number. Then we have an equation  x + (1/2)x + (1/3)x = 264.

Solving we get the value of ‘x’ as 144. The three numbers are 144 + 72 + 48 = 264.

Hence, the smallest number is 48.

10.   The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio between the first and second is 2 : 3 and that between the second and the third is 5 : 8, then the second number is?
(a) 30                     (b) 20                    (c) 58                     (d) 48

Ans: (a)

Let the three numbers be A, B and C.

We have the ratio A : B ::  2 : 3  and B : C :: 5 : 8. B is common in both the ratios but with different values. We shall make the value of B the same in both the ratios. This we can do by multiplying the first ratio 5 and the second by 3. This would give the following two ratios

A : B :: 10 : 15 and B : C :: 15 : 24. Combining both we get the ratio A : B : C :: 10 : 15 : 24

Total 49 parts and since A+B+C = 98 each part is 2. Hence the second number ie B is 30.

 
Problems on Percentage

Let N be the whole Number, P the percent and W part of the number.

Then we have the equation P x N = W.  Using this the following questions can be answered  easily.

11.   42 is what percentage of 168?
(a) 20%                 (b)  25%                (c) 30%                                 (d)  40%
Ans: (b)  Use the formula P = W/N

12.   36 is what percentage of 80?
(a) 65%                 (b)  55%                (c)  45%                                (d)  35%

            Ans: (c)

13.   60 Ps. Is what percent of Rs. 24?
(a)  5/2%              (b)  3/2%              (c)  8/9%              (d)  2/9%

Ans: (a) Please note the question is between Paise and Rupees

14.   16 m is what percentage of 8 km?
(a)  13%                                (b)  14%                (c)  2%                   (d)  None

Ans: (d) The right answer is 0.2%

15.   40% of a number, when added to 42, results in the number itself. What is the number?
(a)  60                    (b)  70                   (c)  80                    (d)  90

Ans: (b) Can be answered from the choices.

 

CTS - Reasoning - 2

CTS – Reasoning - 2

1.       What is the min. no. of weighing operations required to measure 31 kg of rice if only one stone of 1 kg is available?
a) 31      b) 6        c) 5         d) 16

Ans: (c)

The weighing can be one in the following manner:

Rice   Counter weight
1kg    (1kg stone)
2kg    (1kg rice + 1kg stone)
4kg    (1+2+1)
8kg    (1+2+4+1)
16kg  (1+2+4+8+1)
 total: 31kg rice

2.       The ratio of the no. of white balls in a bag to that of black balls is 1:2. If 9 grey balls are added the ratio of nos. of white, black and grey become 2:4:3. How many black balls were in the bag?
a) 6         b) 9        c) 12       d) 8

Ans: (c)

After adding 9 grey balls the ratio of white, black and grey balls become 2 : 4 : 3

Thus the 9 grey balls equal 3 parts in the ratio. Hence the number of black balls is 12

3.       There are 2 toy cars facing each other at a distance of 500 cm from each other. Each car moves forward by 100 cm at a speed of 50 cm/s and then moves backward by 50 cm at a speed of 25 cm/s. How long will it take for the cars to collide?
a) 12s                    b) 14s                    c) 16s                     d) 13s

Ans: (b)

It’s an interesting question. Lt us observe the movement of the two toy cars.

In the first two seconds they move 100 cm forward and in the next two seconds they retard 50 cm. Thus during the operation of 4 sec both the cars move forward a distance of 50cm each. After 4 sec the distance between them is 400 cm. After 8 sec the distance is 300 cm. After 12 sec the distance between them will be 200 cm. Now comes  the interesting stage. During the next 2 sec each car will move 100 cm forward and cover the distance of 200 cm and will collide with each other. Hence the answer is 14 seconds.

4.       It takes 8, 12 and 16 days for A,B and C resp. to complete a task. How many days will it take if A works on the job for 2 days then B works on it until 25% of the job is left for C to do, and C completes the work?
a) 10 days            b) 14 days           c) 13 days            d) 12 days

Ans: (d)

A in two days would complete 2/8 -> ¼ job. Leaving another ¼ job to C, B will complete

½ job in ½ / 1/12 -> 6 days. C will complete the remaining ¼ job in ¼ / 1/16 -> 4 days.

Thus the number of days taken to complete the job is 2 + 6 + 4 -> 12 days.

In the following questions what should come in the place of ?.

5.       BC  CE  EG  GK  ?
a)KN                      b)KU                      c)KM                     d)None

Ans: (c)

6.       AA  AB  BC  CE ?
a)EG                      b)EH                      c)EI                         d)None

Ans: (d)

7.       AB EF JK QR ?
a)YZ                       b)ZA                      c)AB                       d)None

Ans: (a)

8.       ACD       EGL        IKT          MOB      ?
a)QST                    b)QSZ                    c)QSY                    d)None

Ans: (d)

9.       AC          CG          GO        OE          ?
a)EJ                        b)EI                        c)EL                        d)None

Ans: (b)

10.   What two numbers have a product of 48 and, when the larger number is divided by the smaller, a quotient of 3?
Ans:  4 and 12

 

CTS - Analytical Reasoning - 4

CTS – Analytical Reasoning - 4

1.       Three thieves were caught stealing sheep, mule and camel. A says "B had stolen the sheep" C says " B had stolen the mule" B says he had stolen nothing. The one who had stolen sheep is speaking truth. The one who had stolen camel is lying. Tell who had stolen what?
Ans: A- camel B- mule C- sheep

Other than B who denied having stolen anything, A and C are the two persons who make comments. If A was telling the truth then he had stolen sheep and C the camel. If it were to be the other way then A stole camel and C the sheep. In either case the left out animal is mule which B had stolen. Between A and C, C correctly tells that B had stolen the mule. Hence the answer is as given above.

2.       A group of friends goes for dinner and gets bill of Rs 2400. Two of them say that they have forgotten their purse so remaining make an extra contribution of Rs 100 to pay up the bill. Tell the number of person in that group.  

Ans: 8 persons

Let ‘x’ be the number of persons and ‘y’ the average amount each one has to pay.

Thus ‘xy’ = 2400 and ‘y’ -> 2400/x

Since two friends are not contributing ‘x-2’ persons contribute Rs 100 more.

Thus (x-2)(y+100) = 2400.   (y+100) = 2400/(x-2)

Hence ‘y’ = 2400/(x-2) -100

We now have two equations:  y = 2400/x   and  y = 2400/(x-2) - 100

Solving these two we get -> x² – 2x – 48 = 0

(x-8)(x+6) = 0   which gives x value as either 8 or -6. Since the value cannot be negative

X = 8. Ie the number of persons is 8

3.       There are some families in a colony who have number of children among them. Going by the following conditions, identify the number of families in the colony.

a)  Number of adults >  Number of sons > Number of daughters >  Number of families.
b)  Each sister must have at least one brother and should have at the most 1 sister.
c)  Number of children in one family exceeds the sum of no of children in the rest of the families.

Ans: 3 families   (It’s a trial and error question)

1st Family : 2 adult, 2 daughters, 3 sons
2nd Family : 2 adult, 2 daughters, 1 son
3rd Family : 2 adult, 1 son
Conditions :
a) no. of adults > no. of sons > no. of daughters > no. of
families
6 > 5 > 4 > 3
b) each sister must have at least one brother and should have
at most 1 sister
in first family 1 sister had 3 bothers and 1 sister
c) no. of children in one family exceeds the sum of no. of
children in the rest families
1st family children > 2nd + 3rd family.

4.       A secret can be told to only 2 persons in 5 minutes .The same person tells to 2 more persons and so on. How long will it take to tell it to 768 persons?

Ans: 47.5 minutes

5.        A and B run in opposite directions from a pt. P on a circle with different but constant speeds. A runs in clockwise direction. They meet for the first time at a distance of 900 m in clockwise direction from P and for the second time at a distance of 800 m in anticlockwise direction from P. If B is yet to complete one round, the circumference of the circle is
a) 1700m              b) 1250m             c) 1300m              d) 1200m

Ans: (c)

The answer can be arrived from the choices.  On the clockwise direction A meets B at 900m from the starting point. In this time B has covered 400m in the anticlockwise direction.

In the second time A meets B at 800m in the anticlockwise direction. Since B has not completed one round it is evident that he has been walking in the same direction. At the time of the second meeting point B has travelled further 400m and A totally covered 400m in the first round and 500m in the second round to meet B at 800m in the anticlockwise direction.

Hence the circumference of the circle is 900 + 400 -> 1300m.

6.       A cube of 12cm sides is painted red on each side. It is cut into cubes of 3cm side each. How many of the smaller cubes do not have any side painted red?
a) 8         b) 12      c) 16       d) 0

Ans: (a)

Total number of smaller cubes is n³ -> 4³ -> 64 pieces.

Number of cubes having no painting is (n -2)³ -> (4 – 2)³ - > 8

7.       In a poultry farm because of cloning, large breeds of hens were produced. This increased the production but the maintenance was very difficult because of the large number. This does not mean that cloning is a disaster in the scientific world but it is a tool which in some ways is constructive but in other ways, it is destructive. What is your inference?

Probable Answer:

All scientific achievements contributing to the human welfare are to be used only upto the acceptable level and nothing more. (Readers can have their own answer)

8.       A ridge formed over Pacific Ocean was because of the intersection of two volcanoes. But in history it was written that it was not due to those volcanoes. It proves contradictory to form the view that history will be proved wrong in the future.
What is your inference?

Probable Answer:

Historical facts are susceptible to change with the advent of improved technologies.  (Readers can have their own answers)

9.       In Bangalore, during income tax verification of deduction for a single person, the percentage was increased by 3% and for a middle-class house-holder; it was decreased by 3%. What can you infer?

Probable Answer:

The tax bracket for a single person and a house holder are different. (Readers can have their own answer)

10.   A drove of sheep and chickens have a total of 99 heads and feet. There are twice as many chickens as sheep. How many of each is there?
Ans:  Nine sheep and eighteen chickens. 

CAT - Verbal Ability

CAT – Verbal Ability (Sourced)

Direction - Each of the following questions has a word or group of words missing. Four or five alternative words are given. You have to find out which one of them would make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful.

1. "What exactly does he want?"

"He would like to see you ....... a good job on the project."

(a) got                   (b) get                  (c) to get              (d) will get

Ans: (a)

2. "She was sorry she didn't attend her friend's wedding."

"Yes, she ....... "

(a) regretted she can't have gone            (b) was regretting she does not go

(c) will regret she didn't go                          (d) was regretting that she couldn't go  

 Ans: (d)

3. "Sujata is late in the office".

"She rarely comes in time ......?"

(a) don't she                      (b) does she       (c) doesn't she       (d) won't she

Ans: (b)

4. "There is a visitor here"

"All right man I ......."

(a) shall be expecting this man                   (b) am expecting this man  

(c) was to expect this man                           (d) had to expect this man

Ans: (b)

5. "Can we start our match?

"No, we can't unless the referee ........"

(a) will not give the signal                             (b) gives the signal  

(c) did not give the signal                              (d) does not give the signal

Ans: (b)

6. "Why is he breathing so fast"?

"The teacher made him ..... a ;mile as measure of punishment for his coming late".

(a) running                          (b) to run             (c) ran                   (d) run 

Ans: (c)

7. He behaves as if he ....... a king. 

(a) was                                 (b) were              (c) has                   (d) had

Ans: (b)

8. Do not look ....... the poor.

(a) down                              (b) up                    (c) upon               (d) down upon  

Ans: (d)

9. The dog has been ..... by the car.

(a) run out                          (b) run over        (c) run into          (d) run for

Ans: (b)

10. ...... you apologize I shall punish you.

(a) until                                                (b) unless            (c) till                     (d) none of these

Ans: (b)

Directions: In the following questions identify the segment that has a mistake in it.

11. The old man told /  his son that  /   there was no such thing  /   for luck.  /  No error
            (A)                      (B)                            (C)                        D)              (E)

Ans : D - Substitute 'for' by 'as'. 'Such' is generally followed by 'as'.

12.  Bacteria is  /  probably the most  /   common form  / of life on earth.  /  No error
           (A)                      (B)                          (C)                   (D)                   (E)

Ans : A - Change 'Bacteria' to 'Bacterium', since the singular form of 'Bacteria' is 'Bacterium'.

13.  Different  /  authorities defines  /   intelligence in   / different ways.  /  No error
            (A)                      (B)                     C)                   (D)                     (E)

Ans : B - Change 'defines' to  define' to make it plural in order to get it to agree with the plural subject 'authorities'.

14.  The classical  /  systems of dance has  /  many features / in common.  /  No error
               (A)                            (B)                    (C)                   (D)                  (E)

Ans : B - Change 'has' to 'have' to make it plural in order to get it to agree with the plural subject 'systems'.

15.  Everyone of the students  /  has brought  /   his  / identity card.  /  No error
                       (A)                           (B)           (C)         (D)                   (E)

Ans : A - Where the number is limited or is implied to be limited 'each one' will be a better usage than 'everyone'.

Synonyms

Direction - In each of the questions below choose, from the alternatives given, the word which is most nearly the same in meaning of the numbered word.

1.  Alacrity :

(a) Briskness        (b) Fear             (c) Frankness        (d) Alarm                    (e) None

Ans: (a)

2.  Busy :

(a) Active                 (b) Occupied         (c) Preoccupied  (d) Diligent           (e) None

Ans: (c)

3.  Bitterness :

(a) Sourness           (b) Hoarseness  (c) Acrimony        (d) Aspersion       (e) None

Ans: (c)

4.  Sterile :

(a) Dry                      (b) Barren               (c) Childless            (d) Arid                         (e) None

Ans: (b)

5.  Altercation :

(a) Choice               (b) Charge                (c) Heated dispute              (d) Distribution

Ans: (c)

Antonyms

Directions - In each of the following questions one word, a numbered one, is followed by four or five words. Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning of the numbered word.

1. Abstain :

(a) Hoard                (b) Tolerate            (c) Forbear              (d) Begin 

Ans: (d)

2. Profusion :

(a) Aspersion         (b)  Scarcity            (c) Aversion            (d) Confusion

Ans: (b)

3. Obscure :

(a) Implicit              (b) Obnoxious     (c) Explicit                 (d) Pedantic

Ans: (c)

4.  Repulsive :

(a) Alluring                  (b) Refulgent        (c) Effulgent           (d) Meek

Ans: (a)

5. Ambiguous  :

(a) Auxiliary               (b) Responsible                         (c) Salvageable   (d) Clear  

Ans: (d)

Reasoning - New

Reasoning - New

Directions for questions 1 to 4: Refer to the data below and answer the questions that follow.

Palaash never knew he would be in such trouble. He has to sing in seven different languages. The Assamese song would be a hit if and only if it is preceded by a Telugu song. Konkani song would be a hit only if a Hindi song came before it. English has to be preceded by Hindi and Punjabi is the last song he sings. There is one song between English and Punjabi and of the three only two were hit. Konkani song is a failure. Tamil is the seventh language. If the Assamese song is a hit and his first song was Telugu then:

1.       Which song did he sing after English?

a)      Telugu          b)  Konkani         c)  Tamil                d)  Assamese

Ans: (c)

2.       Which song did he sing after Konkani?

a)      Tamil             b)  Punjabi          c)  Hindi                d)  English

Ans: (c)

3.       If each hit had two points in the Grammy Awards, then how many points dis Palaash get?

a)      4                      b)  6                       c)  8                        d)  Can’t say

Ans: (d)

4.       What were the total numbers of assured hit songs as per the question?

a)      3                      b)  4                       c)  5                        d)  6

Ans: (a)

Directions for questions 5 to 9: Refer to the data below and answer the questions that follow.

A six digit (with no digit repeated) number is such that every alternate digit is a prime number. The difference between the digit on the tens place and the digit on the thousands place is the digit on the lakh place. The unit’s digit is the product of the digit on the lakh’s place and the digit on the ten thousand’s place, which is also a prime number. The digit in the ten’s place is greater than the digit in the thousandth place.

5.       The digit in the lakh’s place is:

a)      1                      b)  2                       c)  3                        d)  4

Ans: (b)

6.       The digit in the unit’s place is:

a)      2                      b)  4                       c)  6                        d)  8

Ans: (c)

7.       The difference of the digits in the ten thousandth and the ten’s place is:

a)      3                      b)  4                       c)  6                        d)  7

Ans: (b)

8.       The digit in the hundredth place is:

a)      3                      b)  4                       c)  8                        d)  can’t say

Ans: (d)

9.       The number is divisible by:

a)      2                      b)  3                       c)  4                        d) both (a) and (c)

Ans: (d)

Directions (Questions 10-14): In each of the following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

10.   Statements: Some papers are pens. All the pencils are pens.

Conclusions:

1. Some pens are pencils.

2. Some pens are papers.

a) Only conclusion (1) follows             b) Only conclusion (2) follows

c) Both (1) and (2) follow                      d) Either (1) or (2) follows

e) Neither (1) nor (2) follows

Ans: (c)

11.   Statements:  Some dogs are bats. Some bats are cats.

Conclusions:

1.       Some dogs are cats

2.       Some cats are dogs

a)      Only conclusion (2) follows.                 b)  Both (1) and (2) follow 

c)  Either (1) or (2) follows                            d)  Only conclusion (1) follows

e)  Neither (1) nor (2) follows.

                Ans: (e)

12.   Statements:   All the windows are doors.   No door is a wall.

Conclusions:

1.   Some windows are walls.

2.   No wall is a door.

a)   Either (1) or (2) follows                           b)  Only (2) conclusion follows

c)   Both (1) and (2) follow                            d)  Neither (1) nor (2) follows

e)   Only (1) conclusion follows

Ans: (b)

13.   Statements:   Some actors are singers.  All the singers are dancers

Conclusions:

1.       Some actors are dancers

2.       No singer is an actor

a)      Only conclusion (1) follows                  b)   Only conclusion (2) follows 

c)  Either (1) or (2) follows                            d)   Neither (1) nor (2) follows

e)  Both (1) and (2) follows

Ans: (a)

14.  Statements: All the pencils are pens. All the pens are inks.

Conclusions:

1. All the pencils are inks.

2. Some inks are pencils.

a) Only conclusion (2) follows                        b) Only conclusion (1) follows 

c) Either (1) or (2) follows                               d)  Both (1) and (2) follow

e)  Neither (1) nor (2) follows

Ans: (b)

Directions (Questions 15 – 19) Re-arrange the following sentences in an orderly manner to form a cohesive paragraph.

15.   A. This factor is exclusion – access to these technologies remains excluded by class, race and gender.
B.  In comparing these two things, we must realize that there is one important factor for the limitation the former.
C. The rise of digital technologies has the potential to open new directions in ethnography.
D. Despite the ubiquity of these technologies, their infiltration into popular research methods is still limited compared to the number of online scholarly research portals.

a)      CDBA             b)  BACD              c)  CDAB               d)  BCDA

Ans: (a)

16.    A. Based on these findings such as these, scientists agree that we will soon discover intelligent alien life and make contact with it.
B. But this complacency has all changed.
C. Until recently, we have looked at life in a pretty conservative way.
D. In just the past three or four years, biologists have discovered that life on Earth can exist in the most extreme places, and in the most bizarre forms.
E. For example, microbes have been found down boreholes two kilometres deep.

a)       BAECD          b)  CEDAB            c)  CBDEA             d)  EABDC

Ans: (c)

17.   A. These mediums allowed for a greater number of listeners, they quickly garnered popularity in America as well.
B. They would also play in clubs that were popular at the time.
C. What they were trying to do was play “live music” on the Bucharest radio station.
D. The very first signs of Romanian jazz music appeared about seventy years ago, when some jazz bands appeared, like the ones led by Emil and Mihai Berinde.

a)       DCBA             b)  BCDA               c)  BCAD               d)  ABCD

Ans: (a)

18.   A. The issue of abolishing the monarchy as a whole and declaring itself a republic, free of the Queen, has been suggested several times in Canada’s Parliament.
B. Legislation to abolish this has never passed, as we never cease to recognize key function of the Queen as a symbol of loyalty.
C. Most importantly, though, the Queen symbolizes stability, tradition and a certain romanticism about political affairs within the constitutional monarchy.
D. The concept of loyalty as often been viewed as an important part of ethics, and we should not forget this vital fact.

a)      BCDA             b)  CADB              c)  ABDC               d)  CABD

Ans: (c)

19.   A. The revisionist perspective, however, takes a slightly more defensive viewpoint.
B. Corruption is usually viewed from one of two perspectives; the first is the moralist perspective which believes that it is inherently bad.
C. Either way, we must realize that corruption has the ability to be extremely harmful to the general society.
D. It believes that corruption acts as a lubricant for the flow of money and for a developing country’s governmental structure. 

a)      DCBA             b)  BADC              c)  CABD               d)  CDAB

Ans: (b)