English Verbal - 11

English – Verbal - 11

Direction for questions 1 to 5: Read the following passages, and answer the questions that follow.

Passage – 1

With Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx in 1848 published Communist Manifesto, calling upon the masses to rise and throw off their economic chains. His mature theories of society were later elaborated in his large and abstruse work, Das Kapital.  Starting as a non-violent revolutionist, he later became a major social theorist more or less sympathetic with violent revolution, if it was necessary in order to change the social system which he believed preyed upon the masses.

On the theoretical side, Marx set up the doctrine of surplus value as the chief element in capitalistic exploitation. According to this theory, the ruling classes no longer employed military force primarily as a means to plundering people. Instead, they used their control over employment, and working conditions under the bourgeois capitalistic system for this purpose, paying only bare subsistence wage to the worker while they appropriated all surplus value in the productive process. He further said that the strategic disadvantage of the worker in industry prevented him from obtaining a fairer share of the earning by bargaining methods and drove him to revolutionary procedures as a

means to establish his economic and social rights. This revolution might be peacefully consummated by parliamentary procedures if the people prepared themselves for political action by mastering the materialistic interpretation and by organizing politically for the final event. It was his belief that the aggressions of the capitalistic class would eventually destroy the middle class and take away all their resources of income by a process of capitalistic absorption of industry — a process which has failed to occur in most countries.

With minor exceptions, Marx’s philosophy is now generally accepted by left-wing labour movements in various countries, but rejected by centrist labour groups, especially those in the US. In Russia and other Eastern European countries, however, socialist leaders adopted the methods of violent revolution because of the opposition of the ruling classes. Yet, many now hold that the present communist regime in Russia and her satellite countries is no longer a proletarian movement based on Marxist theory, but a camouflaged imperialistic effort to dominate the world in the

interest of a new ruling class.

1. Which of the following books did Marx author or co-author?

(a) Communist Manifesto and Surplus Value

(b) Das Kapital and Communist Manifesto

(c) Capitalistic Exploitation and Das Kapital

(d) Communist Manifesto, Surplus Value and Das Kapital

Ans: (b)

2. Marx started his philosophical life as a

(a) democrat.    (b) believer in non-violent revolution.

(c) believer in violent revolution.              (d) congressman.

Ans: (b)

3. According to the author, the present communist regime in Russia can be described as

(a) proletarian.                 (b) democratic.                 (c) imperialistic.                (d) socialist.

Ans: (c)

4. Marx’s social philosophy is now generally accepted by

(a) left-wing labour unions.                         (b) centrist labour groups.

(c) most labour unions.                                                 (d) all labour groups.

Ans: (a)

5. The word ‘abstruse’ means

(a) hard to understand.                                 (b) absurd           (c) interesting.  (d) crude.

Ans: (a)

Direction for questions 6 to 10: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate choices.

6. Because of his excellent ___ skills, he could mesmerize the crowd with the power of his speech.

(a) loquacious                    (b) convincing                    (c) presentation               (d) oratory

Ans: (d)

7. The patriot was given a tumultuous welcome ___ his countrymen.

(a) with                (b) from               (c) among            (d) by

Ans: (d)

8. There is no time like the ___ to start thinking about owning a house.

(a) current          (b) past                (c) present          (d) future

Ans: (c)

9. Practice will ___ pay its dividends.

(a) finally             (b) eventually                    (c) sooner           (d) later

Ans: (b)

10. When certain kinds of monkeys are ___, they act just like human beings.

(a) domesticated             (b) pet                  (c) beaten           (d) flattered

Ans: (a)

Direction for questions 11 to 15: In each of the following questions find the word pair that is related in the same way as the word pair provided.

11. TRAINING : HEREDITY

(a) unnatural : usual                        (b) ornithologist : birds

(c) habits : instincts                         (d) astute : ingenious

Ans: (c)

12. FRAGRANT : INCENSE

(a) frequent : sound                       (b) sneeze : nostrils

(c) noxious : garbage                      (d) noisome : pleasant

Ans: (c)

13. TRIANGLE : HEXAGON

(a) cone : sphere                              (b) rectangle : octagon

(c) pentagon : heptagon               (d) angle : quadrilateral

Ans: (b)

14. ABRIDGE : LENGTHEN

(a) root : trunk                                  (b) stop : end

(c) lend : borrow                              (d) prize : reserve

Ans: (a)

15. SOUP : LIQUID

(a) water : thirst                               (b) book : knowledge

(c) oxygen : gas                                                 (d) writer : publisher

Ans: (c)

Direction for questions 16 to 18: Pick out the synonyms for the word given.

16. MUTATION

(a) Change          (b) Decency        (c) Adolescent   (d) Clangourous

Ans: (a)

17. APATHY

(a) Tolerance     (b) Unconcern    (c) Obstinacy    (d) Discrimination

Ans: (b)

18. PUNCTILIOUS

(a) Rueful            (b) Frugal             (c) Careful           (d) Insolent

Ans: (c)

Direction for questions 19 to 21: Select the antonym of the word given.

19. MISERABLE

(a) excited          (b) relaxed          (c) happy             (d) comfortable

Ans: (c)

20. SELDOM

(a) often              (b) always           (c) ever                (d) daily

Ans: (a)

21. VAGUE

(a) known           (b) sure                (c) clear                (d) positive

Ans: (c)